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When to Backwash a Pool Filter

When to Backwash a Pool Filter

When should I backwash my pool filter? Without a doubt, this question has to be one of our top five most frequently asked questions. Knowing when to clean your sand or diatomaceous earth (DE) filter is vital in keeping your pool water and equipment healthy. Identifying when to backwash your filter is simple, but there are different methods to go about it. In today’s blog we will discuss three common ways of determining when to backwash your pool filter:

  1. PSI
  2. Water Flow
  3. Water Clarity

What Is Backwashing?

Unlike when you are sharing a drink with a friend, backwashing is A-OK to do and it is even encouraged. In pool terms, backwashing is the act of reversing the flow of water through your filter media, thereby dislodging trapped debris and flushing it out through your multiport valve waste line. For anyone needing a detailed walkthrough on how to backwash a sand or DE filter, look no further than our how-to guides on backwashing a sand filter, or DE filter. For the visual learners out there, you can watch our how-to backwash video guides embedded below.

But enough about what backwashing is, let us get to the meat of the issue. When should you backwash your pool filter?

P.S.I.

Hayward 102D-204D-3
Dry Case Pressure Gauge

An increase of a quater or a third of your filter’s “clean” operating pressure is a sign of a dirty filter. Pounds per square inch (psi) is a standard unit for measuring pressure and the most common factor used in determining when to backwash a pool filter. A filter’s pressure gauge is the tool used to measure a filter’s psi. The face of the gauge is clearly marked off in increments of ones or tens and normally has a maximum value of 50-60 psi. The “clean” psi rating for individual pools will differ due to variables such as filter size, pump strength and feet of head.  The “normal” pressure is the baseline psi reading after a heavy filter cleaning cycle or after the installation of new filter media (new sand or recharged DE grids). For example, if your normal baseline psi reading is 12 psi then when your gauge reads 15-16 psi (20 – 25 percent psi above your filter’s normal operating pressure) it is time to backwash your pool filter.

There are two types of pressure gauges generally used on filters: dry case and liquid (oil) filled. The dry case gauges are by far the more common and often the type that is packaged with a brand new filter. The liquid filled gauges are my personal favorite as they prove to be more durable than dry case gauges. The liquid (glycerine or silicone) dampens the vibrations which are the archenemy of the fragile innards of the pressure gauge.

Go with the Flow

Blue White Pool Flow Meter
Blue White Pool Flow Meter

A flowmeter is a quick and simple tool for checking filter health by measuring the gallons per minute (GPM) rate through your plumbing line. A GPM drop of a third of the normal flow rate is a sign that your sand or DE filter requires a backwash. For example, if your normal flow is measured at a rate of 30 GPM, a reading of 20 GPM means your filter is screaming, “Clean me!”

There are two common flowmeter styles used on residential pools. The one is the float and tube and the other is a digital format that uses a paddle-wheel mechanism to measure the flow. The float and tube is my personal preference because of the minimal moving parts. Fewer moving parts mean fewer things can go wrong. Digital flowmeters are super accurate, but for the simple practice of determining when to backwash a pool filter they may be overkill.

Flowmeters are tools that you can use to determine the health of your pool quickly and easily. Unfortunately, they are often overlooked or left out of pool designs. The reason for this escapes me, but I make sure to tell anyone who is building a pool to add a flowmeter. If your existing pool does not have a flowmeter, do not fret, because they are easily added to plumbing lines. For those who are curious, feel free to read our how-to guide on installing a pool water flowmeter.

SafeDip 6-in-1 Electronic Tester
Safedip in Electronic Tester

Pool Water TDS Levels, AKA Clarity

Measuring a pool’s total dissolved solids (TDS) level is to measure its water clarity or lack thereof due to suspended particles. Essentially it is measuring how dirty your water is down to the parts per million (PPM). A freshwater pool should not exceed 2,000 PPM, because anything higher risks sanitation chemicals, like chlorine, losing their effectiveness. The most common method of measuring TDS is by checking the water for a “cloudy” appearance or testing water samples. Most local pool stores offer free water testing services, but for DIY guys and gals a home kit is just as effective. The SafeDip 6-in-1 Electronic Tester measures TDS levels as well as free chlorine, pH, ORP, saline levels and temperature. It is a one-stop shop for avid water testers.

As usual, thank you for reading and if you have any further questions feel free to leave a comment below or call our toll-free helpline at 877-372-6038.

author avatar
Matthew Simmons Technical Writer & Pool Product Expert
Swimming pool expert at InyoPools and host of Poolside Chat, brings over a decade of experience in the pool industry.

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75 responses to “When to Backwash a Pool Filter”

  1. Monica s Avatar

    I am adding chlorine and it is still staying very low. I don’t normally as so much and cannot understand why it is staying so low

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      Is your water turning green? What is your chlorine and CYA level?

  2. liz Avatar

    I have to vacuum the pool everyday because I am always getting sand in my pool is that normal?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      Do you know if the sand is coming from an outside source, or the sand coming from your pool filter?

      If the sand is coming from an outside source, then yes, that is somewhat normal. if the sand is coming from the sand filter, then no, that is not normal and a sign of a cracked laterals or a standpipe. To figure out the latter, have a read of this blog: Sand in Your Pool?

  3. MAK Avatar

    I Have a Doughboy 18′ round pool, with sand filter. The filter has backwash only, no rinse or site glass to see when water is clear. Any recommendations on how to know when I’ve backwashed enough? Will residual sand spit into pool since I have no rinse option?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      What is the model number of the filter/valve assembly?

  4. Mike Avatar

    Is it best practice to close any of the valves (return or drain) for the pool while backwashing, or can I leave them all open?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      Depending on how quick your pool drains, you may want to close the skimmer and pull from the main drain only. While backwashing, your water level may dip below the skimmer causing you to lose prime.

  5. Zoey Avatar

    I just opened my pool and add a opening kit I don’t want to loose the chemicals backwashing. The pool is dirty the cover ripped over the winter. When would you recommend backwashing

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      You’re going to lose the chemicals by them killing bacteria or being affected by your green pool, so it just has to be done. It is going to be the same schedule we mentioned in the article.

  6. J Grace Avatar

    What is the length of time you would backwash a DE Pool

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      Until the filter’s sight glass is clear or debris.

  7. Ed Avatar

    I have a new pool with a sand filter. Do I need to backwash it immediately?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      Backwashing fresh sand is OK, if only to expel any sand that got into your plumbing during the sand pouring.

  8.  Avatar

    I added chemicals to my pool cause I just opened it and my psi is reading 20 it normally stays at 30 what should I do?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      Is it a sand or DE filter? What chemicals did you add? When was the last time you backwashed? Do the returns shows a noticeable change in waterflow?

  9. Keahav Raj Avatar

    What is the required psi bar for Back wash sand filter?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      If you’re asking what is the minimum PSI required to backwash, it is going to depend on your system, and how dirty your filter is. If you have a dual speed motor, I would backwash on high speed. With a variable speed pump, I would backwash the filter on the same speed you use to vacuum your pool.

  10. Bernie Avatar

    Ideally do you want to backwash before or after adding chemicals or does that even matter?

    1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

      You want to backwash before adding chemicals; if you backwash after adding chemicals, you will drain portions of the doses you just added to your pool.

      1.  Avatar

        IS there a time frame? 24 hrs after adding chemicals?

        1. Matthew Simmons Avatar

          Yes, that should be long enough.

    2. Rafael A. Vaquer Avatar

      Before adding chemicals.

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